[Beta thalassaemia: a surprising radiological image]

The aetiology of thalassaemia lies in a defect in the synthesis of 1 of the 2 chains, alpha or beta, of the haemoglobin molecule. This failure primarily results in haemolytic anaemia, which is the main clinical feature of the disorder. As a consequence of this haemolysis, erythropoiesis is stimulated, which in turn leads to morphological changes in the bone and hypertrophy of other organs. Radiographic findings reveal a decrease in cortical thickness accompanied by trabecular reduction in the bone, including the facial bones. Commonly, no local treatment is required in the field of maxillofacial or dental care.