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Granular dimension in Anammox: Linking particle morphogenesis to nitrogen removal efficiency
Tianchi Chen1, Wenqi Li1, Mabruk Adams2
1School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China.
Journal of Environmental Management
|January 6, 2026
Summary
Anammox granular sludge particle size significantly impacts nitrogen removal. Optimal sizes (0.5-2.0 mm) balance microbial activity and stability, with strategies available for size control.
Area of Science:
- Environmental Microbiology
- Wastewater Treatment Engineering
Background:
- Anaerobic ammonia oxidation (Anammox) is crucial for nitrogen removal in wastewater treatment.
- Anammox granular sludge (AnGS) offers advantages, but its performance is linked to particle size.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review how AnGS particle size influences nitrogen removal mechanisms.
- To analyze the impact of particle size on AnGS characteristics and microbial communities.
- To propose targeted strategies for optimizing AnGS particle size.
Main Methods:
- Literature review analyzing mass transfer and microbial community restructuring pathways.
- Assessment of physicochemical properties, anammox activity, EPS, and microbial structure in relation to particle size.
- Evaluation of strategies for particle size regulation.
Main Results:
- AnGS particle size affects mass transfer and microbial community structure.
- Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) correlate with particle size, with polysaccharides increasing in larger granules (>2 mm).
- Optimal particle size (0.5-2.0 mm) achieves a balance between microbial activity and system stability, while larger sizes reduce diversity.
Conclusions:
- AnGS particle size is a critical factor regulating nitrogen removal efficiency.
- Targeted strategies, including reactor parameter adjustment and sludge re-granulation with additives, can maintain optimal particle size.
- Further research is needed to understand mass transfer-microbe interactions and optimize dosing for sludge control.
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