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Updated: Jan 13, 2026

Efficient Synthesis of Polyfunctionalized Benzenes in Water via Persulfate-promoted Benzannulation of α,β-Unsaturated Compounds and Alkynes

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Direct Organosulfate Production from Terpenoid-SO₂ Interactions in the Aqueous Phase.

Xiangyu Zhang^1,2,3, Junting Qiu^1,2,3, Xinming Wang^1,2,3

¹State Key Laboratory of Advanced Environmental Technology, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.

Environmental Science & Technology

|January 6, 2026

Summary

Dissolved sulfur dioxide (SO2) directly forms organosulfates (OSs) with biogenic terpenoids in atmospheric water, explaining previously unknown aerosol mass. This SO2 pathway is significant for atmospheric chemistry and climate models.

Keywords:

SO2 atmospheric aerosol kinetics organosulfate terpenoid

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Separation of Aldehydes and Reactive Ketones from Mixtures Using a Bisulfite Extraction Protocol

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Published on: April 2, 2018

Area of Science:

Atmospheric Chemistry
Aerosol Science
Organic Geochemistry

Background:

Organosulfates (OSs) are crucial components of secondary organic aerosols (SOAs).
A significant portion of ambient SOA mass remains chemically unexplained.
Biogenic terpenoids are abundant volatile organic compounds in the atmosphere.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the direct reaction of dissolved sulfur dioxide (SO2) with biogenic terpenoids.
To quantify the formation rates of organosulfates (OSs) via this novel pathway.
To assess the contribution of this reaction to atmospheric organosulfate loading and aerosol properties.

Main Methods:

Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) for product identification.
Kinetic experiments in varying solvent mixtures (acetonitrile/water) to determine rate constants.
pH-dependent studies to simulate cloud and aerosol water conditions.

Main Results:

Direct reaction of SO2 with terpenoids (α-pinene, β-pinene, d-limonene, β-caryophyllene, α-terpineol) forms OSs without traditional oxidants.
Second-order rate constant for α-pinene + SO2 determined as 4.0 ± 0.9 M⁻¹s⁻¹ in 50% acetonitrile/water, increasing with water content.
Reaction rates at pH 3-5 (cloud/aerosol conditions) are significant (60-80 M⁻¹s⁻¹ for α-pinene), comparable to known oxidant pathways.

Conclusions:

The direct reaction of dissolved SO2 with terpenoids is a viable pathway for OS formation in atmospheric condensed phases.
This mechanism can explain a substantial fraction of unexplained SOA mass.
Incorporating this chemistry into models will improve predictions of aerosol composition, acidity, and climate impact.