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Integrated Millimeter-wave Cavity Electro-optic Transduction.

Home
Integrated Millimeter-wave Cavity Electro-optic Transduction.

Related Experiment Video

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Integrated millimeter-wave cavity electro-optic transduction.

Kevin K S Multani^1,2,3, Jason F Herrmann^4,5, Emilio A Nanni⁶

¹E.L. Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. kmultani@stanford.edu.

Nature Communications

|January 6, 2026

View abstract on PubMed

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a superconducting electro-optic transducer for millimeter-wave frequencies. This device integrates niobium titanium nitride and lithium niobate, enabling efficient photon transduction for future communication and quantum technologies.

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Area of Science:

Physics
Electrical Engineering
Materials Science

Background:

Emerging communication and computing technologies require expanded radio frequency spectrum into millimeter-wave (mmWave) and terahertz (THz) ranges.
Integration of mmWave and electro-optic technologies is crucial for both classical and quantum applications.
Advancements in modulators and transducers are needed for efficient signal processing at higher frequencies.

Purpose of the Study:

To demonstrate an integrated triply-resonant, superconducting electro-optic transducer operating at mmWave frequencies.
To investigate the performance of a device combining superconducting resonators with thin-film lithium niobate.
To analyze challenges and propose solutions for integrated mmWave resonator design.

Main Methods:

Designed and fabricated an on-chip transducer integrating a niobium titanium nitride (NbTiN) superconducting resonator (107 GHz) with a thin-film lithium niobate (TFLN) optical racetrack resonator.

Operated the device at telecom wavelengths to measure photon transduction efficiency and single-photon electro-optic interaction rate.

Conducted a detailed analysis of design challenges for integrated mmWave resonators.

Main Results:

Achieved a maximum photon transduction efficiency (η_OE) of approximately 0.82 × 10^-6.
Observed an average single-photon electro-optic interaction rate (g₀/2π) of approximately 0.7 kHz.
Identified key challenges in integrated mmWave resonator design and proposed potential solutions.

Conclusions:

The demonstrated superconducting electro-optic transducer shows promise for efficient signal conversion at mmWave frequencies.
This work advances resonant electro-optic technologies for applications in next-generation communications and quantum systems.
The findings provide a foundation for further development of integrated mmWave devices.