Monolithic cell-on-memristor architecture enables wafer-scale integration of oscillatory chemoreceptors for...

Array fabrication and the wafer-scale integration of artificial oscillatory chemoreceptors are crucial for enabling biomimetic chips with bio-realistic chemoreception in practical bioapplications. However, existing chemoreceptors based on conventional architectures require sophisticated or non-scalable fabrication techniques due to inherent material or structural defects. Here we introduce a monolithic cell-on-memristor (CoM) chemoreceptive architecture featuring a unique oscillation mechanism for self-powered biosensing and in situ spike encoding. Through rational material selection and complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor-compatible fabrication, we realize the demonstration of a wafer-scale 10 × 10 CoM array with a spatial resolution of 51 pixels per inch and a very small pixel size of 150 μm, with potential for further scaling down. Using its bio-plausible ion-modulated voltage oscillations with spatiotemporal probabilistic spiking information, we exploit the CoM-array-based gustatory chip to replicate gustation for accuracy salty taste classification. Our CoM architecture offers a general and scalable approach for implementing chemoreceptive oscillatory systems aimed at human-machine biointegration applications.