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Broca's area, responsible for speech production, is regulated by lung function.

Siyu Cao1, Wenwen Zhuang2,3, Yuqian Hu3

  • 1Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.

Neural Regeneration Research
|January 6, 2026
PubMed
Summary

The lungs may shape Broca's area, the brain's speech center. Pulmonary issues like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease can impair speech production by affecting this area's structure and function.

Keywords:
Broca’s areachronic obstructive pulmonary diseasedyspneafunctional magnetic resonance imaginglung functionslung-brain axismicrostructural changesquantitative magnetic resonance imagingspeech production

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Pulmonology
  • Speech Science

Background:

  • Broca's area, in the left inferior frontal gyrus, is essential for speech production.
  • The precise reason for Broca's area recruitment in speech remains unclear.
  • Speech requires airflow generated by respiration, suggesting a link between lung function and speech centers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of lung function on Broca's area.
  • To explore the relationship between pulmonary disease and the structure/function of the speech center.
  • To test the hypothesis that lung functionality shapes Broca's area.

Main Methods:

  • Recruited patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) for speech tasks.
  • Utilized functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during word reading.
  • Employed quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (qMRI) to assess brain microstructure (T1 maps).

Main Results:

  • COPD patients showed altered cortical activity in Broca's area and breathing-related regions during speech.
  • Longer T1 relaxation times in Broca's area of COPD patients indicated reduced myelination and impaired microstructure.
  • Increased dyspnea severity correlated with poorer microstructure and weaker activation in Broca's area.

Conclusions:

  • Pulmonary function significantly influences the structure and function of Broca's area.
  • This study provides the first evidence for the lung-brain axis in shaping the speech center.
  • Findings suggest pulmonary interventions could potentially improve speech performance.