Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB): an evolving threat to the Nigerian health system - a review

Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is an increasing public health issue that threatens the efforts in the treatment and control of tuberculosis (TB) worldwide, including in Nigeria. According to the World Health Organization, there were 558 000 MDR-TB cases globally in 2019. Nigeria, being the most populous country in Africa, is said to carry a larger proportion of MDR-TB in the world. If not addressed promptly, many Nigerian populations will continue to suffer from MDR-TB, which could result in increased morbidity and mortality rates. Eliminating the threat of MDR-TB in Nigeria requires a multifaceted approach that combines national and international efforts. These approaches should be centered on the molecular testing of MDR-TB using line probe assays and GeneXpert MTB/RIF technology, which enables early and efficient diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and TB drug resistance among patients in high-risk populations. Improvements can occur through the development and implementation of new treatment therapies and investment in research to discover additional treatment options for TB. Public awareness and education about the disease are also important. If these recommendations are implemented, they can significantly decrease the burden of MDR-TB in Nigeria.