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Related Concept Videos

Short-distance Transport of Resources02:12

Short-distance Transport of Resources

Short-distance transport refers to transport that occurs over a distance of just 2-3 cells, crossing the plasma membrane in the process. Small uncharged molecules, such as oxygen, carbon dioxide, and water, can diffuse across the plasma membrane on their own. In contrast, ions and larger molecules require the assistance of transport proteins due to their charge or size. Transport across membranes also occurs within individual cells, playing a variety of essential roles for the plant as a whole.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 7, 2026

A Fully Automated Rodent Conditioning Protocol for Sensorimotor Integration and Cognitive Control Experiments
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FBDT: Sum-Throughput Achieving Transport Layer Solution for Multi-RAT Networks.

Suresh Srinivasan1, Sam Shippey1, Ehsan Aryafar1

  • 1Portland State University, Computer Science Department, Portland, OR, USA.

IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing
|January 7, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

FBDT, a new transport layer solution, overcomes limitations in multi-radio access technology (RAT) traffic aggregation. It achieves full throughput across multiple RATs, significantly improving mobile application performance.

Keywords:
360-degree Video StreamingACK(s)BackgroundBlockageConversationalFile downloadsForward and Backward Data Transmission (FBDT)Head of the Line (HoL)InteractiveLine of Sight (LoS)Millimeter-waveMobile Augmented and Virtual Reality (AR/VR)Mobile Traffic classMobilityMultiPath Transport Control Protocol (MPTCP)Multiple Radio Access Technology (Multi-RAT)Progressive DownloadsQuality of User Experience (QoE)Re-TransmissionSchedulersSingle Path Transport Control Protocol (SPTCP)Sliding WindowStreamingThroughputTransmission WindowWeb-pageWiFiWiGignon Line of Sight (nLoS)

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Area of Science:

  • Computer Science
  • Wireless Networking
  • Transport Layer Protocols

Background:

  • Emerging mobile applications demand higher bandwidth and lower latency, challenging current wireless systems.
  • Existing multi-Radio Access Technology (RAT) traffic aggregation methods, like multi-path TCP, face Head-of-Line (HoL) blocking and inefficient traffic distribution.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce FBDT, a novel transport layer solution for multi-RAT traffic aggregation.
  • To demonstrate FBDT's ability to achieve the sum of throughput rates across multiple RATs, overcoming dynamic channel conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Implementation of FBDT in the Linux kernel.
  • Evaluation of FBDT's performance in dual-RAT (WiFi and WiGig) and multi-RAT scenarios.
  • Comparative analysis against state-of-the-art multi-path TCP.

Main Results:

  • FBDT achieves 2.5x throughput gain in a dual-RAT scenario with a mobile client.
  • FBDT's throughput scales linearly with the number of RATs, unlike multi-path TCP.
  • Significant improvements observed for file downloads (2-3x faster), video streaming (10x faster, 10 dB higher quality), and mobile VR (9 dB higher viewport quality).

Conclusions:

  • FBDT offers a superior solution for multi-RAT traffic aggregation, addressing key performance bottlenecks.
  • The proposed system significantly enhances user experience for bandwidth-intensive and latency-sensitive mobile applications.
  • FBDT demonstrates robust performance scaling and substantial gains across various traffic classes.