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Drugs that Stabilize Microtubules

Microtubules are dynamic structures that undergo cycles of catastrophe and rescue. The microtubules play a central role in cell division by forming the spindle apparatus for segregating the chromosomes. This makes them ideal targets for regulating dividing cells in tumors and malignant cancer cells. Microtubule stabilizing drugs help stabilize the microtubule formation and promote its polymerization. Paclitaxel was the first microtubule stabilizing agent used as anticancer drug in chemotherapy...
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Ligand-gated Ion Channels

Ligand-gated ion channels are transmembrane proteins with a channel for ions to pass through and a binding site for a ligand. The channel opens only when a ligand attaches to the binding site.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 3, 2026

An Engulfment Assay: A Protocol to Assess Interactions Between CNS Phagocytes and Neurons
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Dysregulated Microglial Synaptic Engulfment in Diffuse Midline Glioma.

Rebecca Mancusi1,2, Eva Tatlock1, Kiarash Shamardani1,2

  • 1Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305.

Biorxiv : the Preprint Server for Biology
|January 7, 2026
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This summary is machine-generated.

Diffuse midline glioma (DMG) disrupts brain circuits by altering microglia

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Immunology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Diffuse midline glioma (DMG) is a pediatric brain cancer linked to neuronal signaling.
  • Microglia normally regulate brain excitability and synaptic connections.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate how microglia interact with neural circuits in DMG.
  • Determine if microglia contribute to tumor-associated neuronal hyperexcitability.

Main Methods:

  • Analyzed synaptic engulfment by microglia in healthy and DMG mouse models.
  • Used optogenetic stimulation and single-nuclei sequencing.

Main Results:

  • Healthy microglia engulf excitatory synapses to prevent hyperexcitability.
  • DMG disrupts this mechanism, leading to increased inhibitory synapse engulfment.
  • This imbalance increases neuronal excitability.

Conclusions:

  • DMG alters microglia-neuron signaling and synaptic refinement.
  • Targeting microglial synaptic engulfment may reduce tumor-associated hyperexcitability.