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Related Concept Videos

Ribosome Profiling02:24

Ribosome Profiling

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Ribosome profiling or ribo-sequencing is a deep sequencing technique that produces a snapshot of active translation in a cell. It selectively sequences the mRNAs protected by ribosomes to get an insight into a cell’s translation landscape at any given point in time.
Applications of ribosome profiling
Ribosome profiling has many applications, including in vivo monitoring of translation inside a particular organ or tissue type and quantifying new protein synthesis levels.
The technique...
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Mitochondrial Protein Sorting01:39

Mitochondrial Protein Sorting

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Mitochondria are double-membrane organelles of the eukaryotes involved in cellular metabolism, signaling, ATP synthesis, and programmed cell death.  Each of these processes requires specific proteins and enzymes that must be correctly sorted to the right mitochondrial subcompartment for the proper functioning of the organelle.
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Translocation of Proteins into the Mitochondria01:19

Translocation of Proteins into the Mitochondria

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Mitochondrial precursors are translocated to the internal subcompartments via independent mechanisms involving distinct protein machineries called translocases.
Sorting of outer membrane proteins:
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 13, 2026

Specific Labeling of Mitochondrial Nucleoids for Time-lapse Structured Illumination Microscopy
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Optogenetic Proximity Labeling Maps Spatially Resolved Mitochondrial Surface Proteomes and a Locally Regulated

Chulhwan S Kwak, Zehui Du, Joseph S Creery

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    Researchers developed MitoSurf and RiboLOOM, new tools to map mitochondrial surface proteins and associated ribosomes. These innovations reveal Miro1

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    Area of Science:

    • Cell Biology
    • Mitochondrial Biology
    • Proteomics

    Background:

    • Outer mitochondrial membranes (OMM) are crucial for cell signaling and organelle coordination.
    • Existing tools lack the spatial and temporal resolution to fully map OMM proteomes.
    • Understanding OMM dynamics is key to deciphering cellular communication.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop novel tools for high-resolution mapping of the mitochondrial surface proteome.
    • To investigate the role of Miro1 in organizing mitochondrial surface proteins and ribosomes.
    • To explore localized protein synthesis at the OMM.

    Main Methods:

    • Optogenetic proximity labeling using light-activated LOV-Turbo biotin ligase.
    • Fusion of LOV-Turbo to Miro1 variants to create spatially distinct OMM baits.
    • Development of MitoSurf database and RiboLOOM platform for proteomic and transcriptomic analysis.
    • Analysis of ribosome and mRNA localization at the mitochondrial surface.

    Main Results:

    • MitoSurf and RiboLOOM enable precise profiling of OMM proteomes with temporal control.
    • A spatially distinct pool of ribosomes is identified at the OMM, regulated by Miro1.
    • Miro1 facilitates local mRNA engagement and translation of mitochondria-related proteins.
    • Demonstrated Miro1's role in organizing mitochondrial protein biogenesis via ribosome confinement.

    Conclusions:

    • Miro1 is a key regulator of mitochondrial protein biogenesis by spatially organizing OMM-associated ribosomes.
    • The developed platforms reveal novel aspects of mitochondrial surface biology.
    • This strategy offers a generalizable method to study dynamic RNA-protein-organelle interactions in live cells.