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Molecular insights from skin biopsies: Deciphering microvascular pathology in peripheral vascular diseases
Maneesha Kumari1, Narainder Kumar2, Rahol Meghwar2
1Department of Medicine, Peoples University of Medical and Health Sciences, Nawabshah 67480, Sindh, Pakistan.
Background:
The heterogeneous group of disorders called peripheral vascular diseases (PVDs) occurs outside the heart and brain tissue to cause ischemia and severe health complications. Diagnosis accuracy is essential in starting appropriate patient management at the proper time. Modern medicine considers skin biopsies crucial diagnostic tools that yield histopathological and molecular evidence for examining PVD-related microvascular changes.
Aim:
To evaluate skin biopsy applications in PVD diagnostics through artistic analysis of technical processes and examination of pathological and innovative molecular indicators.
Methods:
A systematic review of randomized controlled trials and original studies about skin biopsy utility in PVD diagnosis used PubMed, Scopus, and EMBASE search platforms. The reviewed studies met specific entry requirements, while all case reports and review articles remained excluded.
Results:
A total of 22 studies suited the research criteria that were evaluated. Researchers emphasized the value of skin biopsies for identifying inflammatory from non-inflammatory PVDs. At the same time, they detect systemic sclerosis and diabetic vasculopathy abnormalities of micro-vessels and identify endothelial dysfunction through measurements of vascular endothelial growth factor and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and endothelial nitric oxide synthase markers. Skin biopsies require further improvement because they cause patient discomfort and produce variable diagnostic results that specialists must interpret.
Conclusion:
Skin biopsies enable essential diagnostic findings about PVD and improve patient detection. The development of standardized biopsy procedures and molecular diagnosis techniques should be studied to advance PVD diagnoses in clinical practice.
