Mechanotransduction and Alveolar Bone Remodelling: a Narrative Review of Dynamics and Mechanisms

Mechanotransduction is the biological process by which physical forces are converted into biochemical signals, playing a central role in alveolar bone remodelling. This remodelling is influenced by external stimuli such as mechanical stress, bone loss, and medication-related osteonecrosis. While most in vivo studies have focused on mechanotransductive changes within the periodontal ligament (PDL), it is increasingly recognised that the alveolar bone itself plays a broader and more complex role in this dynamic process. This narrative review presents a quali-tative synthesis of literature sourced from PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science, emphasising the cellular and molecular pathways involved in mechanotransduction within alveolar bone. A deeper understanding of these mechanisms is essential for advancing applications in orthodon-tic tooth movement, dental implant osseointegration, and musculoskeletal tissue engineering. Moreover, insights into the biomechanical regulation of bone may facilitate the development of improved biomaterials and regenerative strategies in clinical dentistry and orthopaedics.