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Updated: Aug 5, 2026
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Developing 3D Organized Human Cardiac Tissue within a Microfluidic Platform
Published on: June 15, 2021
Functional Cardiac Biomaterials: Insights into Constructing a Vascularized Myocardial Tissue Surrogate
Suresh Kumar Saravanan1, Ramya Ramadoss2, Pavithra Velmurugan2
1Mahatma Gandhi Medical Advanced Research Institute (MGMARI), Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), 607402, Puducherry, India. sureshkumars@mgmari.sbvu.ac.in.
Cardiovascular Engineering and Technology
|July 30, 2026
Summary
Tissue engineering offers promising solutions for myocardial infarction repair, overcoming limitations of current treatments. Vascularized constructs, utilizing advanced techniques, are key for effective cardiac regeneration.
Area of Science:
- Biomedical Engineering
- Regenerative Medicine
- Cardiovascular Research
Background:
- Myocardial infarction (MI) is a leading cause of cardiovascular disease due to impaired heart blood flow.
- Current MI treatments are limited, necessitating novel tissue engineering strategies.
- Scaffold-based approaches face challenges like biomaterial compatibility, immune rejection, and scarring.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review existing techniques and requirements for developing effective vascularized constructs for cardiac repair.
- To address the limitations of current scaffold-based tissue engineering for myocardial regeneration.
Main Methods:
- A systematic literature search was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and CrossRef.
- The search followed PRISMA-ScR guidelines for systematic scoping reviews.
- 93 relevant scientific articles were selected for analysis.
Main Results:
- Effective solutions for myocardial repair include cardiac patches, injectable scaffolds, hydrogels, cell sheets, and decellularized constructs.
- Vascular integration and construct survival can be enhanced by endothelial progenitor cells, prevascularization, 3D bioprinting, nanotechnology, and engineered exosomes.
Conclusions:
- Effective myocardial regeneration relies on biomimetic constructs.
- Key components include appropriate biomaterials, growth factors, functional cells, and a stable vascular network.
