Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Learning Disabilities01:25

Learning Disabilities

567
Learning disabilities are cognitive disorders caused by neurological impairments that affect cognitive functions like language and reading, without indicating overall intellectual or developmental challenges. These disabilities differ from global intellectual or developmental disabilities as they are limited to distinct cognitive functions. Common learning disabilities include dysgraphia, dyslexia, and dyscalculia, each of which impacts unique aspects of learning.
Dyslexia
Dyslexia is a...
567
Autism Spectrum Disorder01:19

Autism Spectrum Disorder

956
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
956
Intellectual Disability01:29

Intellectual Disability

629
Intellectual disability (ID) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by deficits in intellectual and adaptive functioning that manifest during the developmental period. This condition encompasses challenges in reasoning, memory, problem-solving, and learning, accompanied by impairments in everyday life skills, such as communication, self-care, and social interactions. Intellectual disability affects approximately 1% of the population in the United States, impacting an estimated 5...
629
Parenting Styles01:27

Parenting Styles

578
Diana Baumrind's four parenting styles — authoritarian, authoritative, neglectful, and permissive — each influence children's socio-emotional development differently.
Authoritarian Parenting
This style is strict and controlling, with little room for open dialogue. Authoritarian parents demand obedience and often enforce rules with minimal warmth. Children raised this way may lack social skills and initiative, usually comparing themselves to others unfavorably.
Authoritative...
578
Parental Care00:55

Parental Care

12.6K
Many animals exhibit parental care behavior, including feeding, grooming, and protecting young offspring. Parental care is universal in mammals and birds, which often have young that are born relatively helpless. Several species of insects and fish, as well as some amphibians, also care for their young.
12.6K
Relationship with Other Adult Family Members and Siblings01:29

Relationship with Other Adult Family Members and Siblings

164
Other adult family members and siblings play a crucial role in shaping children’s social and emotional development. While parents or primary caregivers are often the central figures in early attachment and socialization, other adults in a child’s life, such as grandparents, aunts, and uncles, can significantly influence developmental outcomes. These influences depend on each adult’s personality and may help compensate when a primary caregiver is emotionally distant or...
164

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Beyond Surface Performance: Analyzing Grammatical Production and Judgment Abilities in Boys With Fragile X Syndrome.

American journal of speech-language pathology·2026
Same author

The relationship between language and executive functions in adolescents with Down syndrome and fragile X syndrome.

Journal of neurodevelopmental disorders·2026
Same author

Questions Matter: Investigating the Role of Caregiver Interactions in Children With Down Syndrome.

American journal of speech-language pathology·2026
Same author

Characterizing Autism Traits in Toddlers with Down Syndrome: Preliminary Associations with Language, Executive Functioning, and Other Developmental Domains.

Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same author

Filled Pause Use in Autistic Adults and Their First-Degree Relatives: Gender Differences and Within-Family Associations.

Journal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR·2025
Same author

Caregiver-Implemented AAC Interventions for Children with Intellectual or Developmental Disabilities: a Systematic Review.

Review journal of autism and developmental disorders·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 13, 2026

Use of a Video Scoring Anchor for Rapid Serial Assessment of Social Communication in Toddlers
09:16

Use of a Video Scoring Anchor for Rapid Serial Assessment of Social Communication in Toddlers

Published on: March 14, 2018

10.7K

Mothers' and Fathers' Recode Use With Young Children With Down Syndrome.

Claudia Schabes1,2, Marianne Elmquist1, Audra Sterling1,2

  • 1Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison.

American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology
|January 7, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Parental recodes support language development in children with Down syndrome (DS). Both mothers and fathers use recodes similarly, with combined parental recodes positively associated with receptive language skills in children with DS.

More Related Videos

Examining Recall Memory in Infancy and Early Childhood Using the Elicited Imitation Paradigm
06:35

Examining Recall Memory in Infancy and Early Childhood Using the Elicited Imitation Paradigm

Published on: April 28, 2016

35.0K
Assessing the Coherence of Parents' Short Narratives Regarding their Child Using the Five-Minute Speech Sample Procedure
07:56

Assessing the Coherence of Parents' Short Narratives Regarding their Child Using the Five-Minute Speech Sample Procedure

Published on: September 19, 2019

10.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 13, 2026

Use of a Video Scoring Anchor for Rapid Serial Assessment of Social Communication in Toddlers
09:16

Use of a Video Scoring Anchor for Rapid Serial Assessment of Social Communication in Toddlers

Published on: March 14, 2018

10.7K
Examining Recall Memory in Infancy and Early Childhood Using the Elicited Imitation Paradigm
06:35

Examining Recall Memory in Infancy and Early Childhood Using the Elicited Imitation Paradigm

Published on: April 28, 2016

35.0K
Assessing the Coherence of Parents' Short Narratives Regarding their Child Using the Five-Minute Speech Sample Procedure
07:56

Assessing the Coherence of Parents' Short Narratives Regarding their Child Using the Five-Minute Speech Sample Procedure

Published on: September 19, 2019

10.6K

Area of Science:

  • Child language development
  • Down syndrome research
  • Parental interaction studies

Background:

  • Parental recodes, a form of responsivity, are known to aid language development in children with Down syndrome (DS).
  • Limited understanding exists regarding the specifics of recodes (complexity, referents) and potential differences between mothers and fathers.
  • The relationship between parental recodes and child language outcomes in DS requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the complexity and referents of parental recodes used with children with Down syndrome (DS).
  • To examine differences in recode usage between mothers and fathers interacting with their children with DS.
  • To explore the association between parental recodes and language development in children with DS.

Main Methods:

  • Included 15 children with DS (age range: 24-61 months) and their mothers and fathers.
  • Recorded mother-child and father-child play interactions within the home environment.
  • Analyzed parental recode usage and its correlation with child language measures.

Main Results:

  • No significant differences were observed in the use of recodes between mothers and fathers.
  • A moderate positive association was found between the total combined recodes from both parents and the child's receptive language skills.
  • A weak positive association was noted between mothers' recodes and the child's expressive language skills.

Conclusions:

  • Findings underscore the importance of parental recodes in supporting language development for children with DS.
  • Further research is needed to fully understand how parental recoding strategies influence language acquisition in this population.
  • Clinical interventions for young children with DS may benefit from incorporating recoding strategies into parent-mediated communication programs.