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Mechanisms and Vulnerabilities in Functional Neurological Disorder.

Eleonora Prudente1, Valentine Savioz1, Cristina Concetti1

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Functional neurological disorder (FND) involves disrupted brain networks, not structural damage. Understanding FND requires integrating neurobiological, environmental, and psychological factors for better treatment.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Psychology

Background:

  • Functional neurological disorder (FND) is a disabling neuropsychiatric condition with altered motor, sensory, and cognitive functions.
  • FND pathophysiology involves disruptions in brain networks (agency, attention, emotion, sensory-motor, interoception) rather than structural damage.
  • Predictive coding alterations, where prior beliefs override sensory input, contribute to FND symptom generation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize recent research on the complex mechanisms underlying FND.
  • To integrate neurobiological, environmental, and psychological factors in FND.
  • To advance the understanding of FND pathophysiology and promote a comprehensive conceptual framework.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent scientific literature on Functional Neurological Disorder.
  • Integration of neurobiological, environmental, and psychological research findings.
  • Synthesis of evidence related to predictive coding and brain network disruptions in FND.

Main Results:

  • FND is characterized by functional brain network alterations, not structural damage.
  • Early-life trauma, genetic/epigenetic vulnerabilities, and psychiatric comorbidities significantly influence FND.
  • Predictive coding mechanisms are implicated in FND symptom generation.

Conclusions:

  • A comprehensive understanding of FND necessitates integrating neurobiological, environmental, and psychological factors.
  • Individual vulnerability plays a key role in FND development and presentation.
  • Further research integrating these factors will advance FND pathophysiology understanding and clinical approaches.