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Related Concept Videos

The Parathyroid Glands00:59

The Parathyroid Glands

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The two pairs of parathyroid glands embedded within the posterior surface of the thyroid gland are restricted by a dense capsule around them. These glands comprise two distinct cell populations—parathyroid oxyphil and parathyroid principal cells- pivotal in calcium homeostasis.
Oxyphil cells, whose functions remain elusive, emerge during late puberty, adding a layer of complexity to the parathyroid gland's intricacies. In contrast, principal parathyroid cells undertake a vital role by...
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Updated: Jan 13, 2026

Spontaneous Murine Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer
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Current Knowledge on Atypical Parathyroid Tumors and Emerging Strategies for Risk Stratification.

Hye-Sun Park1, Milim Kim2, Jong Ju Jeong3

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

Endocrinology and Metabolism (Seoul, Korea)
|January 7, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Atypical parathyroid tumors (APTs) are challenging to diagnose and their malignant potential is uncertain. Molecular profiling offers new ways to assess risk and prognosis for these rare neoplasms.

Keywords:
Atypical parathyroid tumorParathyroid neoplasmsParathyroid tumorRisk stratification

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Oncology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Atypical parathyroid tumors (APTs) are rare neoplasms that mimic parathyroid cancer histologically and clinically.
  • Diagnosis is challenging due to overlapping features with parathyroid cancer and lack of specific markers.
  • Uncertain malignant potential complicates prognosis and surveillance strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive review of APTs.
  • To discuss diagnostic challenges and clinical manifestations.
  • To explore molecular strategies for assessing malignant potential.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on diagnosis, clinical presentation, and molecular profiling of APTs.
  • Analysis of current research on immunohistochemistry and genomic techniques.
  • Synthesis of findings regarding prognostic evaluation and surveillance.

Main Results:

  • Histopathological and clinical overlap with parathyroid cancer presents diagnostic difficulties.
  • Limited follow-up in studies hinders definitive conclusions on APTs' clinical course.
  • Case reports suggest a potential for recurrence or metastasis, necessitating careful evaluation.
  • Molecular technologies like RNA sequencing and genomic profiling show promise for risk stratification.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate diagnosis of APTs remains a significant challenge for pathologists.
  • Further research with longer follow-up periods is needed to clarify the behavior of APTs.
  • Molecular profiling represents a promising avenue for improved risk assessment and personalized management of APTs.