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Area of Science:

  • Condensed matter physics
  • Topological quantum matter

Background:

  • Axion insulators are topological phases with a quantized axion field.
  • A key characteristic is half-quantized anomalous Hall conductance (AHC) on surfaces.
  • Experimental realization is difficult due to canceling surface contributions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally realize and verify the half-quantized layer Hall effect (LHE).
  • To provide direct electrical evidence of the quantized axion field.
  • To establish a method for engineering topological quantum responses.

Main Methods:

  • Engineered magnetic axion insulator heterostructures using molecular beam epitaxy.
  • Asymmetrically positioned the Fermi level to isolate surface states.
  • Measured layer-resolved AHC in various magnetization configurations.

Main Results:

  • Achieved a reproducible half-quantized layer-resolved AHC (e²/2h), termed LHE.
  • Demonstrated LHE across parallel and antiparallel magnetization.
  • Successfully isolated topological surface states within the magnetic gap.

Conclusions:

  • Provided direct electrical evidence for the half-quantized LHE.
  • Confirmed LHE as a boundary signature of the bulk quantized axion field.
  • Established a framework for spatially engineering topological quantum phenomena.