[Analysis of Clinical Characteristics and Risk Factors for Bone Lesions in Patients with Multiple Myeloma]

To investigate the clinical characteristics of patients with multiple myeloma (MM) complicated by bone lesions and the risk factors associated with bone lesions.

The clinical data of 294 newly diagnosed MM patients in Gansu Provincial Hospital from January 2017 to June 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into the bone lesion group (154 cases) and the non-bone lesions group (140 cases) based on the presence of absence of bone lesions at diagnosis. The general data and laboratory parameters were compared between the two groups. The risk factors for bone lesions in MM patients were analyzed by logistic regression analysis, and the characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted to assess the predictive value of each risk factor for the occurrence of bone lesions in MM patients.

Compared to the non-bone lesion group, the bone lesion group had significantly higher serum calcium levels and significantly greater proportions of patients with Durie-Salmon (DS) stage III, and bone pain (all P < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that elevated serum calcium (OR =5.135, 95%CI : 1.931-13.653, P =0.001), DS stage III (OR =1.841, 95%CI : 1.019-3.328, P =0.043), and bone pain (OR=8.208, 95%CI : 4.761-14.151, P < 0.001) were independent risk factors for bone lesions in MM patients. ROC curve analysis showed that serum calcium (AUC=0.619, 95%CI : 0.555-0.683, P < 0.001) and bone pain (AUC=0.743, 95%CI : 0.692-0.793, P < 0.001) had predictive value for bone lesions in MM patients.

MM patients have a high incidence of bone lesions, and active monitoring and management of risk factors may improve treatment outcomes and prognosis.