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Related Concept Videos

Sound Waves: Interference00:53

Sound Waves: Interference

Sound waves can be modeled either as longitudinal waves, wherein the molecules of the medium oscillate around an equilibrium position, or as pressure waves. When two identical waves from the same source superimpose on each other, the combination of two crests or two troughs results in amplitude reinforcement known as constructive interference. If two identical waves, that are initially in phase, become out of phase because of different path lengths, the combination of crests with troughs...
Propagation of Waves01:07

Propagation of Waves

When a wave propagates from one medium to another, part of it may get reflected in the first medium, and part of it may get transmitted to the second medium. In such a case, the interface of the two mediums can be considered as a boundary that is neither fixed nor free.
Consider a scenario where a wave propagates from a string of low linear mass density to a string of high linear mass density. In such a case, the reflected wave is out of phase with respect to the incident wave, however the...
Interference and Superposition of Waves01:07

Interference and Superposition of Waves

When two waves of the same nature occur in the same region simultaneously, they result in interference. Interference of waves implies that the net effect of the waves is the sum of the individual waves' effects. However, it does not imply that the individual waves affect the propagation of other waves.
Interference occurs in mechanical waves, such as sound waves, waves on a string, and surface water waves. Mechanical waves correspond to the physical displacement of particles. Hence,...
Interference and Diffraction02:18

Interference and Diffraction

Interference is a characteristic phenomenon exhibited by waves. When two electromagnetic waves interact with their peaks and troughs coinciding, a resulting wave with enhanced amplitude is produced. This is known as constructive interference. In this case, the two waves interacting are in phase with each other.
Reflection of Waves01:07

Reflection of Waves

When a wave travels from one medium to another, it gets reflected at the boundary of the second medium. A common example of this is when a person yells at a distance from a cliff and hears the echo of their voice. The sound waves (longitudinal waves) traveling in the air are reflected from the bounding cliff. Similarly, flipping one end of a string whose other end is tied to a wall causes a pulse (transverse wave) to travel through the string, which gets reflected upon reaching the wall. In...
Echo01:06

Echo

The human ear cannot distinguish between two sources of sound if they happen to reach within a specific time interval, typically 0.1 seconds apart. More than this, and they are perceived as separate sources.
Imagine the sound is reflected back to the ears. Assuming that the source is very close to the human, the difference between hearing the two sounds—the emitted sound and the reflected sound—may be more than the minimum time for perceiving distinct sounds. If this is the case, then the...

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Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Microparticle Manipulation by Standing Surface Acoustic Waves with Dual-frequency Excitations
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Published on: August 21, 2018

Reconfigurable acoustic coding metasurface for bidirectional wavefront manipulation across the water-air interface.

Yan-Long Du1, Hong-Tao Zhou1, Chen-Yang Li1

  • 1Department of Mechanics, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China.

Fundamental Research
|June 11, 2026
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a reconfigurable acoustic metasurface for efficient bidirectional sound control between water and air. It overcomes traditional limitations, enabling versatile acoustic functions for advanced communication and sensing applications.

Keywords:
Bidirectional wavefront controlCross-medium communicationReconfigurable metasurfacesVibro-acoustic couplingWater-air interface

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Area of Science:

  • Acoustics
  • Metamaterials
  • Wave Physics

Background:

  • Bidirectional sound control across water-air interfaces is crucial for communication and sensing.
  • Conventional methods face trade-offs between efficiency and phase tunability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a reconfigurable acoustic coding metasurface for efficient bidirectional wavefront manipulation.
  • To overcome limitations of traditional impedance matching techniques.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a single-layer metasurface with discrete solid units.
  • Utilized vibro-acoustic coupling and sidewall flexural vibrations for velocity transfer.
  • Employed mechanical reconfiguration to switch acoustic functions.

Main Results:

  • Achieved simultaneous high transmission efficiency and phase modulation.
  • Demonstrated flexible switching among focusing, beam splitting, and Airy-beam generation.
  • Validated performance through simulations and experiments.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed metasurface offers versatile and reconfigurable bidirectional acoustic control.
  • Opens possibilities for compact, programmable platforms in cross-domain acoustics.
  • Enables advancements in intelligent acoustic communication and adaptive sensing.