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MIS-C: Diagnosis, Management, and Outcomes

Christophe El Rassi1, Roy El Darzi1, Maria Abou Mansour1

  • 1Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.

Open Forum Infectious Diseases
|January 8, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a severe post-COVID-19 condition. Early diagnosis and management, including immunomodulation and thromboprophylaxis, are crucial for better outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a serious post-COVID-19 condition.
  • It presents with fever, shock, and multiorgan involvement, particularly cardiovascular issues.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current evidence on MIS-C epidemiology, pathophysiology, and clinical presentation.
  • To emphasize MIS-C diagnosis, management strategies, and differentiation from similar conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature review of MIS-C.
  • Synthesis of data on diagnosis, treatment, and complications.

Main Results:

  • MIS-C management involves supportive care, hemodynamic stabilization, and immunomodulation (IVIG, steroids, biologics).
  • Thromboprophylaxis is often needed due to high thromboembolic risk.
  • Long-term follow-up is vital for potential cardiac, GI, and neurological issues.

Conclusions:

  • Effective MIS-C management requires distinguishing it from similar syndromes.
  • Challenges remain in diagnostic clarity and standardized treatment protocols.
  • Despite progress, ongoing research is needed for optimal patient care.

Keywords:
COVID-19MIS-Cimmunomodulatorytherapy

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