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Towards an Integrated Framework for Health Surveillance Systems: A Systematic Literature Review of Design Components
Maryam Mollabagher1,2, Alireza Hassanzadeh1, Mohammad Mahdi Sepehri3
1Department of Information Technology Management, Faculty of Management and Economics Tarbiat Modares University Tehran Iran.
Health Science Reports
|January 8, 2026
Summary
This study proposes an integrated framework for health surveillance systems, addressing data fragmentation and interoperability challenges. The framework enhances system design for effective, ethical, and data-driven public health decision-making.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Health Informatics
- System Design
Background:
- Health surveillance systems are vital for early detection and response.
- Challenges include data fragmentation, poor interoperability, and governance issues.
- Existing systems require enhancement for effectiveness.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop an integrated framework for health surveillance system design.
- To consolidate technical, organizational, and ethical dimensions.
- To advance understanding of effective surveillance system implementation.
Main Methods:
- Systematic literature review (SLR) following PRISMA 2020 guidelines.
- Searched Scopus and Web of Science databases up to April 2025.
- Thematic analysis of 36 selected studies.
Main Results:
- Identified ten key design components for health surveillance systems.
- Key components include leadership, stakeholder engagement, data privacy, and ethical considerations.
- Recurring challenges involve fragmented data, stakeholder participation, and capacity limitations.
Conclusions:
- Proposes an evidence-based, integrated framework for designing and implementing health surveillance systems.
- The framework aims for adaptive, efficient, and ethically grounded systems.
- Provides actionable insights for strengthening surveillance infrastructures and promoting data-driven decision-making.
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