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Adhesion

Adhesion

Adhesion occurs when one type of molecule is attracted to a different molecule. Water exhibits adhesive properties in the presence of polar surfaces, such as glass or cellulose in plants. For instance, when water is poured into a glass, the positively charged hydrogen molecules of water are more attracted to the negatively charged oxygen molecules in the silica than to the oxygen in neighboring water molecules.
Capillary action is a result of water’s adhesive tendencies. When a narrow glass...

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Synthesis of Programmable Main-chain Liquid-crystalline Elastomers Using a Two-stage Thiol-acrylate Reaction

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Stuck on Repeat: Dynamic Liquid Crystal Elastomers as (Re)trainable Adhesives.

Charlie A Lindberg¹, Elina Ghimire¹, Neil D Dolinski¹

¹Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, 5640 S. Ellis Ave., Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces

|January 8, 2026

Summary

Researchers developed new dynamic liquid crystal elastomer (LCE) adhesives with disulfide bonds. These smart adhesives offer tunable adhesion that can be trained and retrained with mechanical use and heat.

Keywords:

adhesives disulfides dynamic chemistry liquid crystal elastomers trainable materials

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Last Updated: May 31, 2026

Synthesis of Programmable Main-chain Liquid-crystalline Elastomers Using a Two-stage Thiol-acrylate Reaction

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Published on: January 19, 2016

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Microfluidic Preparation of Liquid Crystalline Elastomer Actuators

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Published on: May 20, 2018

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Polymer Chemistry
Soft Matter Physics

Background:

Polymeric networks offer tunable properties post-synthesis.
Dynamic bonds allow for materials with adaptable characteristics.

Purpose of the Study:

To report disulfide-containing dynamic liquid crystal elastomer (LCE) adhesives.
To demonstrate (re)trainable multistage adhesive character in these LCEs.

Main Methods:

Synthetically tailoring mesogen lateral substituent size to tune thermal properties (Tg and T_NI).
Utilizing disulfide bonds for stimuli-responsive and high-strength adhesive joint formation.
Employing multicycle probe-tack tests to evaluate adhesive performance and trainability.

Main Results:

Dynamic LCEs exhibit pressure-tunable adhesive behavior due to soft elasticity and dynamic bonds.
High-strength hot melt adhesive joints are formed by activating disulfide bonds at >150 °C.
Adhesion force increases with each cycle, demonstrating mechanical trainability; thermal disruption resets and allows retraining.

Conclusions:

Mesogen structure allows tuning of general adhesive performance.
Disulfide-containing dynamic LCEs offer a platform for trainable adhesives with tunable multistage adhesive character.
These materials demonstrate potential for advanced adhesive applications requiring adaptable mechanical responses.