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Related Concept Videos

Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation01:21

Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation

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Clinical manifestationsPeripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) manifests through a range of symptoms, from the characteristic intermittent claudication to atypical presentations and severe complications in advanced stages. Intermittent claudication, a hallmark symptom of PAD, presents as exercise-induced muscle pain that typically resolves within minutes of rest. This pain is reproducible and stems from inadequate blood flow, leading to the accumulation of lactic acid produced during anaerobic...
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Assessment of blood pressure in brachial artery(two-step method)01:23

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Measuring blood pressure is a fundamental skill in healthcare that aids in diagnosing and monitoring hypertension and other cardiovascular conditions. An aneroid sphygmomanometer, commonly used in clinical settings, offers a manual and precise method for blood pressure measurement. The technique for using this instrument involves specific steps that must be carefully executed to ensure accuracy. The following detailed description outlines a two-step technique for assessing blood pressure using...
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Assessment of blood pressure in brachial artery(one-step method)01:15

Assessment of blood pressure in brachial artery(one-step method)

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This procedural guide systematically measures blood pressure using an oscillometric digital sphygmomanometer, emphasizing accuracy, patient safety, and comfort.
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Assessing Blood pressure in the Leg01:11

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Proper measurement of leg blood pressure is a critical skill for healthcare providers, ensuring precise and reliable readings. When performed correctly, this procedure informs patient care and enhances the efficacy of interventions. The following text outlines step-by-step guidelines to measure blood pressure in the leg, providing clarity and ease of understanding for practitioners.
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Atherosclerosis II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Tests01:27

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Atherosclerosis is a progressive disorder that leads to the thickening and narrowing of arterial walls due to plaque buildup. This condition can cause various symptoms depending on the arteries affected:Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): This condition affects the coronary arteries and may lead to chest pain (angina), shortness of breath (dyspnea), heart attacks, and other heart disease symptoms.Cerebrovascular Disease: This affects blood flow to the brain, causing transient ischemic attacks (TIAs)...
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Sites for measruring blood pressure01:21

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Blood pressure measurement is a fundamental clinical procedure, providing crucial data for assessing cardiovascular health. Among the various sites for this measurement, the brachial and popliteal arteries are predominantly utilized due to their accessibility and the reliability of their readings. This lesson delves into the anatomical significance, methodology, and considerations of measuring blood pressure at these locations.
The Brachial Artery: Primary Site for Blood Pressure Measurement
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 13, 2026

Measuring the Carotid to Femoral Pulse Wave Velocity Cf-PWV to Evaluate Arterial Stiffness
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End Point-Based Threshold for the Ambulatory Arterial Stiffness Index.

Yi-Bang Cheng1, De-Wei An1, Dong-Yan Zhang1,2,3

  • 1Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, National Research Centre for Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital (Y.-B.C, D.-W.A., D.-Y.Z., Q.-F.H., J.G.W., Y.L., J.A.S), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China.

Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979)
|January 8, 2026
PubMed
Summary

The ambulatory arterial stiffness index (AASI) effectively predicts cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality. An AASI threshold of 0.50 indicates increased risk, prompting closer management of cardiovascular risk factors.

Keywords:
arterial stiffnessblood pressurecardiovascular diseasesmorbiditymortality

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Preventive Medicine
  • Biostatistics

Background:

  • The ambulatory arterial stiffness index (AASI) is increasingly utilized in clinical research and practice for cardiovascular risk assessment.
  • Arterial stiffness is a significant predictor of cardiovascular events and mortality.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To consolidate the prognostic accuracy of AASI in the general population.
  • To derive an endpoint-based AASI risk threshold for improved cardiovascular risk stratification.

Main Methods:

  • An individual-participant meta-analysis of 14 population studies involving 12,558 individuals.
  • AASI derived by regressing 24-hour diastolic on systolic blood pressure; Cox regression used to establish risk thresholds.
  • Analysis included stepwise increasing AASI levels and determination of AASI yielding a 10-year risk equivalent to office systolic pressure of 140 mmHg.

Main Results:

  • Over a median of 10.7 years, 3027 deaths and 2183 cardiovascular events occurred.
  • Each 1-SD increment in AASI was associated with increased risk of all-cause death (HR 1.08) and cardiovascular events (HR 1.13).
  • A risk-carrying AASI threshold of 0.50 was identified, associated with significantly higher risks for both outcomes, improving model performance.

Conclusions:

  • AASI significantly enhances cardiovascular risk stratification beyond traditional risk factors.
  • Exceeding the AASI threshold of 0.50 warrants increased vigilance in managing risk factors to prevent cardiovascular complications.