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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 13, 2026

Inter-Brain Synchrony in Open-Ended Collaborative Learning: An fNIRS-Hyperscanning Study

Inter-Brain Synchrony in Open-Ended Collaborative Learning: An fNIRS-Hyperscanning Study

Published on: July 21, 2021

Inter-brain ERPs alignment during a joint Simon task: An EEG hyperscanning study.

Francesca Miti¹, Jlenia Toppi^2,3, Angela Ciaramidaro^1,4

¹Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy.

|January 8, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study investigated inter-brain synchronization during the joint Simon task (JST). Findings show temporal alignment between participants, suggesting unique neural dynamics in joint action performance.

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Area of Science:

Cognitive Neuroscience
Social Neuroscience
Human-Computer Interaction

Background:

The joint Simon task (JST) is crucial for understanding collaborative action mechanisms.
The co-representation hypothesis suggests individuals integrate partners' actions during joint tasks.
A key question is whether co-representation involves inter-brain synchronization.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate inter-brain dynamics during the JST.
To determine if neural activity synchronizes between partners performing the JST.
To explore the relationship between behavioral joint Simon effect (JSE) and inter-brain synchronization.

Main Methods:

Utilized electroencephalography (EEG) hyperscanning with 88 participants in dyads performing the JST.
Calculated the EEG-JSE, an index of the neural joint Simon effect, based on ERP peak latencies (N2 and P3 components).
Examined the synchronization of EEG-JSEs between interacting participants.

Main Results:

Found evidence of temporal alignment between responding and non-responding participants in JST performance.
The neural joint Simon effect (EEG-JSE) showed synchronization between partners.
This synchronization highlights unique inter-brain interaction dynamics specific to joint action.

Conclusions:

Joint action performance, as measured by the JST, involves synchronized neural activity between partners.
Inter-brain synchronization is a key component of the neurocognitive mechanisms underlying collaborative activity.
The findings support and extend the co-representation hypothesis by demonstrating neural synchrony.