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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Clinical Psychology

Background:

  • Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is linked to post-error performance deficits.
  • Heightened negative affect (NA) is presumed to cause impaired performance monitoring after errors.
  • The direct link between NA and post-error performance remains untested.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if NA and rumination predict post-error performance in a nonclinical sample.
  • To examine the pathway through which negative affect impacts trial-by-trial cognitive control.
  • To provide empirical support for the role of NA in post-error difficulties.

Main Methods:

  • 124 participants completed measures of dispositional rumination and repeated state NA.
  • Participants performed three Eriksen flanker tasks (27 blocks/486 trials each).
  • Statistical analyses controlled for reaction time to isolate NA's effect.

Main Results:

  • Rumination did not significantly predict post-error performance.
  • Elevated state NA predicted worse post-error performance and increased likelihood of consecutive errors.
  • These findings persisted after controlling for reaction time, ruling out simple slowing or speed-accuracy trade-offs.

Conclusions:

  • State negative affect, not rumination, significantly predicts post-error performance deficits.
  • This study provides novel evidence for NA's role in trial-by-trial cognitive control impairments.
  • Findings underscore the fundamental role of mood in disrupted cognition and have implications for cognitive control research.