Chinese neuroimmunological disease (NIDBase) cohort study: cohort profile

Area of Science:

• Neuroimmunology
• Neurology
• Genetics

Background:

• The Chinese neuroimmunological disease database (NIDBase) cohort was established to address the scarcity of comprehensive genetic data and biological samples for neuroimmunological diseases in China.
• This initiative aims to facilitate precision diagnosis and treatment research.

Purpose of the Study:

• To explore genetic and environmental risk factors for central nervous system (CNS) demyelinating diseases.
• To characterize clinical features, multi-omics data, and identify prognostic biomarkers.
• To enhance the understanding of CNS demyelinating diseases in the Chinese population.

Main Methods:

• Recruitment of patients diagnosed with CNS demyelinating diseases from 56 hospitals across China.
• Inclusion of various conditions: clinically isolated syndrome (CIS), multiple sclerosis (MS), neuromyelitis optica spectrum disease (NMOSD), myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD), and GFAP-A.
• Collection of baseline data including demographics, disease history, clinical features, treatments, standardized scales, questionnaires, and laboratory results, alongside biological samples, MRI, and hd-EEG.

Main Results:

• As of December 2024, 3866 patients were enrolled (84 CIS, 282 MOGAD, 1405 MS, 2095 NMOSD).
• CNS demyelinating diseases, particularly NMOSD, show higher prevalence in women in China.
• Significant age differences were observed between NMOSD patients and those with CIS, MS, and MOGAD.

Conclusions:

• The NIDBase cohort represents a significant resource for studying CNS demyelinating diseases in China.
• Initial findings highlight demographic and gender-based prevalence patterns, particularly for NMOSD.
• Ongoing and future analyses will leverage this multicenter data for comprehensive insights into genomics, biomarkers, and treatment.