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Measuring central charge on a universal quantum processor.

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Researchers experimentally determined the central charge, a key property of conformal field theories (CFTs), using a quantum processor. This breakthrough allows for precise measurements of critical points in 1+1D quantum spin chains.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum Information Science
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • High Energy Physics

Background:

  • Central charge is a fundamental quantity in conformal field theories (CFTs).
  • It dictates universality classes of critical points in 2D systems.
  • Experimental measurement of central charge has been challenging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally determine the central charge of quantum spin chains.
  • To demonstrate the capability of universal quantum processors for fundamental physics measurements.
  • To validate the use of quantum computation for studying critical phenomena.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a universal quantum processor with a classically optimized variational quantum circuit.
  • Employed advanced error mitigation techniques to prepare ground states.
  • Implemented periodic boundary conditions using IBM quantum processor's heavy-hex structure.
  • Extracted central charge from scaling behavior of Rényi entropy generalizations.

Main Results:

  • Successfully prepared ground states of 1+1D quantum spin chain models at their critical points.
  • Experimental results for the transverse field Ising (TFI) chain (c=0.5) and XXZ chain (c=1) are consistent with theoretical values.
  • Achieved relative errors as low as 5 percent in the determination of central charge.

Conclusions:

  • The central charge of quantum spin chains can be experimentally determined using quantum processors.
  • This work establishes a new experimental approach for probing fundamental properties of CFTs.
  • Quantum computing offers a powerful tool for exploring critical phenomena and condensed matter systems.