[Gingerol targets inflammation and oxidative stress to ameliorate respiratory diseases: a review]

Respiratory diseases are highly prevalent worldwide, in which inflammation and oxidative stress play a key role. Gingerol is the main active ingredient of Zingiber officinale. Studies have confirmed that gingerol exerts pharmacological effects such as anti-type Ⅱ inflammation, anti-fibrosis, and anti-tumor effects by regulating biological processes and signaling pathways such as programmed cell death, immune cell differentiation, Toll-like receptors/nuclear factor kappa-B(TLRs/NF-κB), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/heme oxygenase-1(Nrf2/HO-1), whose mechanisms are all related to inflammation and oxidative stress. This paper aims to sort out the cutting-edge research on gingerol ameliorating respiratory diseases through anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects in recent years and explore the possibility of gingerol to become a novel therapeutic agent for respiratory diseases, with a view to promoting the clinical application of gingerol.