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Mental Health Service Utilization After Natural Disasters: A Systematic Review.

Cate F Woods1, Virginia V W McIntosh1, Ben Beaglehole2

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Mental health service use after natural disasters is generally low, especially for those with mild exposure. However, utilization increases with disaster severity, often favoring primary care.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Disaster Mental Health
  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology of Mental Disorders

Background:

  • Natural disasters significantly impact mental health, causing new disorders and exacerbating existing conditions.
  • Limited research exists on mental health service (MHS) utilization patterns following natural disasters.
  • Understanding MHS use is crucial for effective post-disaster mental health support.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and synthesize findings on MHS use rates and correlates among adults exposed to natural disasters.
  • To identify patterns and barriers to mental health service utilization in post-disaster contexts.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive literature search was conducted across major databases (PsycInfo, MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Scopus).
  • Studies reporting MHS use rates or correlates in adult populations exposed to natural disasters were included.
  • Narrative synthesis and quality assessment using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool were employed.

Main Results:

  • The review identified 41 articles from 39 studies across 18 countries, noting significant methodological heterogeneity.
  • Post-disaster MHS use rates were generally low (<10%) in the general population but higher with increased disaster exposure.
  • Nonspecialist primary health care was the most frequently used service, yet many individuals with distress or disorders did not seek MHSs.

Conclusions:

  • Post-disaster MHS utilization is influenced by disaster-specific factors and generally remains low, increasing with exposure severity.
  • Mental health interventions should prioritize nonspecialist primary care and targeted outreach for severely affected populations.
  • Addressing the gap between need and service utilization is essential for disaster mental health recovery.