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Ionic Crystal Structures

Ionic Crystal Structures

Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...

Formation of Complex Ions

Formation of Complex Ions

A type of Lewis acid-base chemistry involves the formation of a complex ion (or a coordination complex) comprising a central atom, typically a transition metal cation, surrounded by ions or molecules called ligands. These ligands can be neutral molecules like H2O or NH3, or ions such as CN− or OH−. Often, the ligands act as Lewis bases, donating a pair of electrons to the central atom. These types of Lewis acid-base reactions are examples of a broad subdiscipline called coordination...

Molecular and Ionic Solids

Molecular and Ionic Solids

Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
Molecular Solids
Molecular crystalline solids, such as ice, sucrose (table sugar), and iodine, are solids that are composed of neutral molecules as their constituent units. These molecules are held together by weak intermolecular forces such as London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, or hydrogen bonds, which...

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...

Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes

Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes

Tetrahedral Complexes
Crystal field theory (CFT) is applicable to molecules in geometries other than octahedral. In octahedral complexes, the lobes of the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands. For tetrahedral complexes, the d orbitals remain in place, but with only four ligands located between the axes. None of the orbitals points directly at the tetrahedral ligands. However, the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals (along the Cartesian axes) overlap with the ligands less than the dxy,...

Theory of Metallic Conduction

Theory of Metallic Conduction

The conduction of free electrons inside a conductor is best described by quantum mechanics. However, a classical model makes predictions close to the results of quantum mechanics. It is called the theory of metallic conduction.
In this theory, Newton's second law of motion is used to determine the acceleration of an electron in the presence of an applied electric field. Then, its velocity is expressed via this acceleration.
An electron moves through the crystal, containing positive ions,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 13, 2026

Visualizing Uniaxial-strain Manipulation of Antiferromagnetic Domains in Fe1+YTe Using a Spin-polarized Scanning Tunneling Microscope

Visualizing Uniaxial-strain Manipulation of Antiferromagnetic Domains in Fe1+YTe Using a Spin-polarized Scanning Tunneling Microscope

Published on: March 24, 2019

Local Symmetry Breaking Induced Superionic Conductivity in Argyrodites.

Te Kang¹, Changyuan Li¹, Xinjue Zhang¹

¹Interdisciplinary Materials Research Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 4800 Caoan Road, Shanghai 201804, China.

Journal of the American Chemical Society

|January 9, 2026

Summary

Argyrodites exhibit unique properties due to their crystal structures. This study reveals that local atomic arrangements are key to understanding their thermal and ionic conductivity, guiding future material design.

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Visualizing Uniaxial-strain Manipulation of Antiferromagnetic Domains in Fe1+YTe Using a Spin-polarized Scanning Tunneling Microscope

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$Synchrotron X-ray Microdiffraction and Fluorescence Imaging of Mineral and Rock Samples$

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Published on: June 19, 2018

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Solid-State Chemistry
Crystallography

Background:

Argyrodites possess complex crystal structures with notable thermoelectric and battery applications.
While long-range structures are known, local atomic-scale features remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

Investigate short-range structural correlations in Ag8GeS6 argyrodites.
Understand structure evolution with temperature.
Connect local structure to macroscopic properties.

Main Methods:

Synchrotron X-ray atomic pair distribution function (PDF) analysis.
Studied Ag8GeS6 argyrodites and other Ag-based systems.
Examined temperature-dependent structural changes.

Main Results:

Local atomic arrangement similarity observed across superionic phase transitions.
This phenomenon confirmed in other silver-based argyrodites.
Identified local structural distortion, weak bonding, and lattice anharmonicity as crucial factors.

Conclusions:

Local structural distortions are critical for exotic thermal and ionic transport in argyrodites.
Established a link between local structural motifs and material functionality.
Proposes a new strategy for designing functional materials based on local structure.