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Nutritional Evaluation of Three Freshwater Gastropod Species Consumed in Assam, India
Karabi Kalita1, Namram Sushindrajit Singh1, Tarali Kalita1
1Department of Zoology, Cotton University, Guwahati-01, Assam, India.
Introduction:
The rising demand for sustainable, nutritionally rich food sources has sparked interest in non-traditional protein sources, including gastropods. In northeastern India, freshwater gastropod species are widely consumed, particularly by certain tribes and communities, both as a traditional delicacy and for their nutritional value. This study delves into the biochemical composition of three commonly consumed freshwater gastropod species in Assam, namely Pila globosa, Pila scutata, and Brotia costula, to evaluate their potential as alternative food sources, with a focus on nutritional value and palatability.
Methods:
In the present study, proximate analysis was done by using standard methods given in the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC, 2015). Mineral analysis was carried out using the atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) (method QA.16.5.10/AOAC 19th edition) was employed for the determination of amino acid contents of the samples.
Results:
Among the species analyzed, P. scutata and P. globosa displayed the highest protein content, whereas B. costula exhibited greater levels of ash and carbohydrates. Mineral analysis showed that P. globosa contained the highest concentrations of calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), and copper (Cu). Amino acid profiling revealed lysine and serine as the key essential and non-essential amino acids, with P. globosa and P. scutata showing higher concentrations, respectively.
Discussion:
This study highlights the nutritional richness of three freshwater gastropod species, with Pila globosa and Pila scutata showing high protein and mineral content, and Brotia costula contributing to energy and mineral intake. Their amino acid profiles further enhance their dietary value. Gastropods in local culture embody the use of snail meat as a part of traditional food source, highlighting different ethnomedicinal beliefs. Despite their benefits, these species remain underutilized, suggesting the need for broader awareness and integration into mainstream diets to support food security and nutrition in northeastern India.
Conclusion:
Given the current scenario of food disparity, incorporating gastropods into human diets could provide a sustainable and reliable source of protein and micronutrients, particularly in areas where food security is a concern.
