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Calmodulin-dependent Signaling01:16

Calmodulin-dependent Signaling

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Calmodulin (CaM) is a calcium-binding protein in eukaryotes that controls various calcium-regulated cellular processes. It has four calcium-binding sites that bind calcium to form the calcium-calmodulin ( Ca2+-CaM) complex. GPCR stimulation increases the calcium levels in the cells that bind to CaM and induces a conformational change.
The Ca2+-CaM complex does not have enzymatic activity by itself. Instead, the complex binds downstream target proteins, including membrane proteins or enzymes,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 6, 2026

Author Spotlight: In Vivo Whole-Brain Imaging of Zebrafish Larvae Using Three-Dimensional Fluorescence Microscopy
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Author Spotlight: In Vivo Whole-Brain Imaging of Zebrafish Larvae Using Three-Dimensional Fluorescence Microscopy

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CaMPARI2 Enables Stimulus-Locked Whole-Brain Activity Mapping at Cellular Resolution in Unrestrained Larval

Kate R Robbins1,2, Amelia Bredbenner1, Rebecca A Osbaldeston3,4,5

  • 1Bi-College Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Program, Haverford College, Haverford, PA 19041, USA.

Biorxiv : the Preprint Server for Biology
|January 9, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a new method to visualize whole-brain neural activity in larval zebrafish using CaMPARI2. This technique captures precise neural snapshots during behavior, aiding in understanding brain circuits and learning.

Keywords:
CaMPARIMK-801behavior selectionescape responsehabituationlearningzebrafish

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Last Updated: May 6, 2026

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In Vivo Confocal Fluorescence Imaging of Neural Activity Induced by Sensory Stimulation in Partially Restrained Larval Zebrafish

Published on: April 18, 2025

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Zebrafish Models
  • Calcium Imaging

Background:

  • Visualizing neural activity in vivo is crucial for understanding behavior.
  • Existing methods for larval zebrafish have limitations in scale, temporal resolution, and accessibility.
  • Genetically encoded calcium indicators offer potential for improved neural circuit visualization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish a pipeline for spatiotemporally precise whole-brain neural activity visualization in larval zebrafish.
  • To utilize CaMPARI2 for capturing neural activity snapshots during unrestrained behavior.
  • To investigate neural activity changes during habituation learning.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a pipeline using CaMPARI2, a genetically encoded calcium indicator.
  • Employed temporally specific photoconverting UV light exposures for whole-brain snapshots.
  • Optimized experimental conditions for sub-second neuronal activity changes in acoustically-evoked behavioral paradigms.
  • Applied the system to study nonassociative habituation learning.

Main Results:

  • Successfully captured whole-brain neural activity snapshots time-locked to stimuli during unrestrained larval behavior.
  • Identified distinct brain-wide neural activity signatures in the subpallium, preoptic area, and habenulae during habituation learning.
  • Observed alterations in these activity signatures upon pharmacological disruption of habituation learning.
  • Demonstrated sub-second neuronal activity changes across behavioral paradigms.

Conclusions:

  • The CaMPARI2-based pipeline provides a method for visualizing and quantifying whole-brain neural activity with high spatiotemporal precision in larval zebrafish.
  • This approach enables the study of neural circuits underlying behavior, including learning and memory.
  • The system expands the accessibility of large-scale behavioral circuit dissection beyond specialized equipment.