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Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Rate-Programmed II01:19

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Rate-programmed drug delivery systems release drugs in a controlled manner to maintain therapeutic levels. Three main designs include reservoir, matrix, and hybrid systems.Reservoir systems consist of a drug core enclosed within a membrane that controls drug release. In non-swelling reservoir systems, polymers like ethyl cellulose or polymethacrylates are used. These do not hydrate in aqueous media and control release through membrane thickness, porosity, or insolubility. This type includes...
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Polymeric carriers enhance targeted drug delivery by increasing efficacy while minimizing off-target effects. These carriers comprise a biodegradable polymeric backbone integrated with functional elements that enable targeting, improve physicochemical properties, and regulate drug release.Targeting MechanismsThe targeting ability of polymeric carriers is mediated by a homing device, which is a molecular recognition component designed to selectively bind to specific tissues or cells. Monoclonal...
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    Controlled-release drug delivery systems using computational modeling can optimize microcapsules for treating wet age-related macular degeneration (AMD). This approach reduces injection frequency, improving patient compliance for long-term therapy.

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    Area of Science:

    • Biomedical Engineering
    • Materials Science
    • Pharmacology

    Background:

    • Chronic diseases necessitate frequent drug administration, impacting patient adherence.
    • Current wet age-related macular degeneration (AMD) treatments involve regular intravitreal injections, posing compliance challenges.
    • Controlled-release drug delivery systems offer a solution to reduce injection frequency and prolong therapeutic drug levels.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop and validate a continuum diffusion model for drug transport in porous polymeric microcapsules.
    • To investigate the impact of microcapsule design (single-layer PCL vs. bi-layered chitosan-PCL) on drug release kinetics.
    • To utilize computational modeling to guide the optimization of long-acting intravitreal drug delivery systems for wet AMD.

    Main Methods:

    • Developed a continuum diffusion model using the finite element method in COMSOL Multiphysics.
    • Studied cylindrical microcapsules (polycaprolactone and chitosan-PCL) with varying sizes and salt leaching concentrations.
    • Employed bovine serum albumin and bevacizumab as model drugs, with parameter estimation using published release data.

    Main Results:

    • The model accurately reproduced experimental drug release profiles for different microcapsule formulations.
    • Identified key transport parameters influencing release dynamics, including porosity, tortuosity, and mass transfer rates.
    • Determined that polymer thickness is the primary factor controlling release, while a chitosan layer reduces initial burst and extends delivery.

    Conclusions:

    • Computational modeling provides a powerful framework for designing and optimizing controlled-release drug delivery systems.
    • The developed model links drug release kinetics to specific design variables, facilitating the creation of long-acting intravitreal therapies for wet AMD.
    • This approach can significantly reduce experimental efforts and accelerate the development of improved treatments for wet AMD.