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Related Concept Videos

Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype01:22

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When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
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Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
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Carbohydrates are polymers composed of molecules containing atoms of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. One gram of carbohydrate can provide four kilo-calories of energy, which makes it the most efficient instant energy source.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 13, 2026

Accelerated Type 1 Diabetes Induction in Mice by Adoptive Transfer of Diabetogenic CD4+ T Cells
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(TCRαβ+) Double-Negative T Cells in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus.

Dimitri Poddighe1, Assel Mussayeva2, Kuanysh Dossybayeva2

  • 1College of Health Sciences, VinUniversity, Vinhomes Ocean Park, Gia Lam, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam.

Cells
|January 9, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Double-negative T (DNT) cells, specifically TCRαβ+, show a protective role in murine models of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM). These cells may inhibit immune-mediated pancreatic beta-cell destruction, highlighting their potential therapeutic relevance.

Keywords:
CD4−CD8− T cellsDN T cellsDNT cellsNKT cellsNOD miceautoimmune diabetesdiabetes mellitus type 1double negative T cells

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Last Updated: Jan 13, 2026

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High-Efficiency Generation of Antigen-Specific Primary Mouse Cytotoxic T Cells for Functional Testing in an Autoimmune Diabetes Model
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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Endocrinology
  • Autoimmunity

Background:

  • Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) involves autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta-cells by immune cells.
  • Unconventional T-cell subsets, like TCRαβ+ double-negative T (DNT) cells, are gaining attention in autoimmune diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and analyze the role of TCRαβ+ DNT cells in the immunopathogenesis of autoimmune diabetes and T1DM.
  • To summarize current knowledge, primarily from experimental models, on DNT cell function in T1DM.

Main Methods:

  • This is a narrative review, synthesizing existing research.
  • Focus on data from experimental models, particularly Non-Obese Diabetic (NOD) mice.
  • Analysis of DNT cell presence and function in various anatomical sites.

Main Results:

  • TCRαβ+ DNT cells exhibit a predominantly protective role in murine models of autoimmune diabetes.
  • These cells are found in thymus, blood, lymphoid organs, and pancreas during diabetes.
  • Experimental evidence suggests TCRαβ+ DNT cells can inhibit CD8+ T cell-mediated beta-cell destruction and suppress CD4+ T cells and B cells.

Conclusions:

  • TCRαβ+ DNT cells may play a significant immunoregulatory role in T1DM pathogenesis.
  • Limited clinical data exists, underscoring the need for human studies.
  • Further research is crucial to understand the translational potential of TCRαβ+ DNT cells in T1DM.