Preclinical PET and SPECT Imaging in Small Animals: Technologies, Challenges and Translational Impact.

Area of Science:

• Biomedical imaging
• Preclinical research
• Molecular diagnostics

Background:

• Positron Emission Tomography (PET) and Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) are crucial for in vivo biomedical research.
• Technological advancements have significantly enhanced spatial resolution, sensitivity, and quantitative accuracy.
• These imaging modalities are essential for studying diseases like cancer, cardiovascular disorders, and neurodegeneration.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the development, capabilities, and limitations of preclinical PET and SPECT imaging.
• To highlight the expanding role of these techniques in translational medicine.
• To discuss challenges and future directions in the field.

Main Methods:

• Review of technological advancements in detector design, electronics, and reconstruction algorithms.
• Integration of multimodal imaging platforms.
• Utilizing advanced disease models like genetically engineered rodents and large animals.

Main Results:

• Significant improvements in spatial resolution, sensitivity, and quantitative accuracy of PET and SPECT systems.
• Enhanced ability to characterize metabolic, molecular, and functional alterations in various diseases.
• Demonstrated value in evaluating disease mechanisms and therapeutic responses.

Conclusions:

• Preclinical PET and SPECT imaging are indispensable tools in contemporary biomedicine.
• Despite advancements, challenges in quantitative precision and standardization require further attention.
• Emerging platforms and models promise to increase reproducibility and translational potential.