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Dynamic Homogeneous Catalysis Enables Stable and Efficient Aqueous Organosulfur Redox Flow Batteries.

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This study introduces a novel organosulfur redox flow battery (OSRFB) using affordable RSSR anolytes. Dynamic catalysis enables high energy density and ultralong cycle life for grid energy storage.

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Area of Science:

  • Electrochemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Energy Storage

Background:

  • Organic molecules are sought for redox flow batteries (RFBs) but face challenges in energy density and stability.
  • Developing stable, affordable molecules is crucial for grid-scale energy storage.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a stable and affordable organic active molecule for long-life RFBs.
  • To enhance the kinetics and performance of organosulfur compounds in RFBs.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a low-cost, industrial-scale RSSR (sodium sulfopropyl disulfide) as the anolyte.
  • Applied dynamic homogeneous catalysis using elemental selenium to accelerate redox kinetics.
  • Investigated electrochemical activation energy barriers and battery performance metrics.

Main Results:

  • Reduced the electrochemical activation energy barrier of RSSR by over one-third (from 38.8 to <25 kcal mol⁻¹).
  • Achieved high energy density (53 Wh L⁻¹ anolyte), high energy efficiency (74.5%), and exceptional Coulombic efficiency (>99.97%).
  • Demonstrated ultralong cycle life: 134.7 days (0.25 M RSSR) and 113.9 days (1.1 M RSSR) with minimal capacity decay.

Conclusions:

  • The developed aqueous organosulfur RFB (OSRFB) shows significant potential for ultralong-duration energy storage.
  • Dynamic catalysis effectively enhances the performance of organosulfur anolytes.
  • The system offers a promising, cost-effective solution for grid energy storage applications.