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How do institutional conditions influence research use by policy makers?

Jakob Edler1,2, Maria Karaulova1, Erlend Osland Simensen3,4

  • 1Fraunhofer Institute for Systems and Innovation Research, Germany.

Evidence & Policy : a Journal of Research, Debate and Practice
|January 9, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Institutional conditions significantly influence how policymakers use research. Encouraging factors, particularly informal encouragement and formal instruction, are key drivers for both short-term and long-term research application in policy.

Keywords:
policy-making organisationsresearch and policyresearch impactresearch utilisation

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Area of Science:

  • Policy Studies
  • Public Administration
  • Organizational Behavior

Background:

  • Effective research utilization in policy-making is crucial for addressing societal challenges.
  • Understanding institutional influences on policy-maker research use remains limited.
  • Existing knowledge focuses on individual preferences rather than structural factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how institutional conditions shape research use in policy-making.
  • To analyze the relationship between specific institutional conditions and different types of research use.
  • To identify which institutional factors are most impactful on research utilization.

Main Methods:

  • Survey data collected from 1,606 respondents in Norwegian ministries and directorates.
  • Analysis of policy makers' perceptions of four institutional conditions: formal instruction, financial/infrastructural support, peer environment, and informal encouragement.
  • Examination of the association between these conditions and instrumental, conceptual, and symbolic research uses.

Main Results:

  • Encouraging institutional conditions are stronger determinants of research use than enabling conditions.
  • The distinction between formal and informal institutional conditions is significant.
  • Formal instruction correlates with conceptual research use (long-term planning), while informal encouragement links to instrumental use (short-term tasks).

Conclusions:

  • Institutional context plays a critical role in shaping research use by policymakers.
  • Both formal and informal institutional factors impact research utilization, with different effects.
  • Policy interventions aimed at enhancing research use should consider tailored approaches based on formal and informal encouragement strategies.