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High yield production of 3-hydroxypropionic acid using Issatchenkia orientalis.

Shih-I Tan^1,2,3, Sarang S Bhagwat^2,3,4, Teresa A Martin^1,2,3

¹Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.

Nature Communications

|January 9, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

We engineered the yeast Issatchenkia orientalis for sustainable production of 3-Hydroxypropionic acid (3HP), a key bioplastic precursor. This acid-tolerant yeast achieved high yields, making biomanufacturing cost-effective.

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Area of Science:

Biotechnology
Metabolic Engineering
Industrial Microbiology

Background:

Biomanufacturing offers a sustainable alternative to traditional chemical production.
3-Hydroxypropionic acid (3HP) is a high-value chemical and precursor for bioplastics, but cost-effective microbial production is challenging.
Issatchenkia orientalis is an acid-tolerant yeast with potential for low-pH bioprocesses.

Purpose of the Study:

To establish Issatchenkia orientalis as a robust host for low-pH 3-Hydroxypropionic acid (3HP) biosynthesis.
To identify and optimize metabolic pathways for efficient 3HP production.
To assess the economic viability of 3HP production using this engineered yeast.

Main Methods:

Genome-scale modeling to identify optimal biosynthetic pathways (β-alanine pathway).
Sequence similarity network analysis to discover highly active enzymes (PAND, BAPAT, YDFG).
Metabolic engineering strategies including gene integration, gene knockouts, and gene overexpression.
Fed-batch fermentation using low-cost media (corn steep liquor) at controlled pH.

Main Results:

The β-alanine pathway was identified as optimal for 3HP production.
Engineered I. orientalis achieved a titer of 29 g/L in shake flasks and 92 g/L in fed-batch fermentation.
High yield (0.7 g/g) and productivity (0.55 g/L/h) were obtained at pH 4.
Techno-economic analysis suggests potential for financially viable acrylic acid production.

Conclusions:

Issatchenkia orientalis is a promising platform for cost-effective 3HP production.
Optimized metabolic engineering and fermentation conditions significantly enhance 3HP production.
This work supports the industrial commercialization of sustainable bioplastics precursors.