Inflammation Indices as Predictive Markers of Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer
Maciej Jaromin1, Piotr Kutwin1, Tomasz Konecki1
11st Urology Department, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Łódź, Poland.
Cancers
|January 10, 2026
Summary
Inflammation-based biomarkers like SII, SIRI, PIV, and PLR can help predict muscle-invasive bladder cancer. These inexpensive markers may aid in early diagnosis before final pathology reports.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Biomarkers
- Inflammation
Background:
- Accurate differentiation between non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) and muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) is critical for effective bladder cancer treatment.
- Inflammation-based biomarkers are emerging as valuable tools for cancer diagnosis and prognosis.
- This study investigates the predictive potential of Systemic Inflammation Index (SII), Systemic Inflammation Response Index (SIRI), Pan-immune Inflammation Value (PIV), and Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (PLR) for muscle-invasive disease.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the utility of SII, SIRI, PIV, and PLR in distinguishing between NMIBC and MIBC.
- To assess the role of these inflammation indices as predictors of muscle-invasive bladder cancer.
- To determine optimal cutoff values for these biomarkers to identify muscle-invasive disease.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of complete blood count results from 310 bladder tumor patients before transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT).
- Calculation of SII, SIRI, PIV, and PLR.
- Statistical analysis including ANOVA, Tukey's post hoc tests, ROC curve analysis, and logistic regression models.
Main Results:
- All investigated inflammation indices (SII, SIRI, PIV, PLR) showed significant differences across bladder tumor stages (p < 0.001).
- Lower values of these indices were observed in pTa tumors compared to muscle-invasive bladder cancer.
- Logistic regression models demonstrated promising diagnostic performance with AUC values ranging from 0.795 to 0.821.
Conclusions:
- Inflammation-based indices significantly differ between bladder cancer stages and can aid in the early identification of muscle-invasive disease.
- These widely available and inexpensive biomarkers offer potential value in assessing suspected MIBC prior to definitive pathology.
- The use of SII, SIRI, PIV, and PLR could potentially enhance the diagnostic process for bladder cancer.
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