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A Pilot Study of COVID-19 Outcomes in People Living with HIV in Tatarstan

Natalya Andreeva1, Svetlana Moiseeva2, Alisa Garipova2

  • 1Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|January 10, 2026
PubMed

Insights

People with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) face severe outcomes from COVID-19. A pilot study found higher risks and elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines in HIV patients with COVID-19, suggesting a pathogenic role.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic poses global health risks, particularly for immunocompromised individuals.
  • People living with HIV (PLWH) are at increased risk for severe COVID-19 outcomes.
  • Clinical presentation of COVID-19 in PLWH requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate clinical laboratory data and cytokine profiles in PLWH infected with SARS-CoV-2.
  • To compare COVID-19 severity and outcomes between PLWH and non-HIV individuals.

Main Methods:

  • Pilot study conducted in Tatarstan, Russia.
  • Serum samples collected from three groups: PLWH with COVID-19, COVID-19-only, and uninfected controls.
  • Analysis of clinical laboratory data and circulating cytokines (IL-5, IL-6, IL-9, IL-15).

Main Results:

  • PLWH with COVID-19 exhibited an increased risk of severe disease compared to COVID-19-only patients.
  • Four fatalities occurred in the PLWH/COVID-19 group; no fatalities in the COVID-19-only group.
  • Elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-5, IL-6, IL-9, IL-15) were observed in PLWH/COVID-19 patients.

Conclusions:

  • COVID-19 may be more severe in PLWH.
  • Pro-inflammatory cytokines might play a significant pathogenic role in severe COVID-19 among PLWH.
  • Further research is warranted to understand COVID-19's impact on PLWH.

Keywords:
COVID-19-onlyHIVPLWH/COVID-19SARS-CoV-2immune response

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