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Transcriptomic Analysis of High-Intensity Interval Training in High-Fat-Diet-Induced Spontaneous Hypertensive Rats'

Arslan Sadiq1, Iqbal Ali Shah2, Bor-Tsang Wu3

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High-intensity interval training (HIIT) in hypertensive rats reduced brain cell death and improved memory and circadian rhythms. This exercise intervention modulated key genes involved in apoptosis and autophagy.

Keywords:
apoptosisbrain cortexexercise traininggene analysishypertension

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Molecular Biology
  • Exercise Physiology

Background:

  • Hypertension causes brain dysfunction via apoptosis, oxidative stress, and neurotransmitter imbalance.
  • Exercise training is a known non-pharmacological method to mitigate these molecular changes.
  • Understanding exercise effects on the hypertensive brain's molecular landscape is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on transcriptomic changes in the cerebral cortex of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) on a high-fat diet (HFD).
  • To identify specific genes and pathways modulated by HIIT in the context of hypertension-induced brain alterations.

Main Methods:

  • Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) on a high-fat diet (HFD) were subjected to either a HIIT intervention or remained sedentary.
  • Cortical RNA was extracted and sequenced using Illumina NovaSeq 6000.
  • Differential gene expression analysis was performed using DESeq2, followed by functional enrichment analysis with Metascape.

Main Results:

  • RNA-sequencing identified 1223 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), with 51 meeting stringent significance criteria.
  • Eight key genes related to apoptosis and autophagy regulation were identified, with seven downregulated and one upregulated.
  • HIIT modulated genes associated with circadian rhythm, long-term memory, and hypoxia response.

Conclusions:

  • High-intensity interval training (HIIT) effectively reduces apoptosis and autophagy in the hypertensive brain.
  • HIIT improves crucial brain functions including circadian rhythm, long-term memory, and hypoxia response in hypertensive rats.
  • Transcriptomic analysis provides molecular insights into the neuroprotective benefits of exercise in hypertension.