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Adaptive Extended State Observer for the Dual Active Bridge Converters.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)·2024

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Fuzzy-Adaptive ESO Control for Dual Active Bridge Converters.

Ju-Hyeong Seo¹, Sung-Jin Choi¹

¹Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Republic of Korea.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

|January 10, 2026

Summary

This study introduces an adaptive control framework for direct-current microgrids. It enhances voltage stability during load changes by intelligently adjusting observer bandwidth, improving transient response and reducing noise.

Keywords:

DC microgrids (DCMG)active disturbance rejection control (ADRC)adaptive bandwidth dual active bridge (DAB)extended state observer (ESO)fuzzy logic

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Area of Science:

Electrical Engineering
Control Systems
Power Electronics

Background:

Converter-dominated DC microgrids face voltage instability due to load transients.
Energy storage systems and bidirectional dual active bridge converters are key components for mitigation.
Robust controller performance is crucial for handling step-load conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

To propose an active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) framework for DC microgrid voltage regulation.
To enhance transient performance and mitigate voltage deviations under load steps.
To address the trade-off between transient speed and noise sensitivity in Extended State Observer (ESO) control.

Main Methods:

Implementation of an ADRC framework utilizing fuzzy logic for adaptive Extended State Observer (ESO) bandwidth tuning.
The ESO bandwidth is dynamically adjusted based on estimation error: increased during transients for faster compensation, decreased in steady-state to reduce noise.
Validation through hardware experiments under various load-step conditions.

Main Results:

The proposed adaptive ESO controller significantly reduced peak voltage undershoot and settling time during load increases compared to PI and fixed-bandwidth ESO controllers.
For load decreases, the adaptive ESO controller demonstrated substantial reductions in peak overshoot and settling time versus the PI controller and fixed-bandwidth ESO.
Adaptive bandwidth tuning effectively balances transient response speed and noise suppression.

Conclusions:

The fuzzy-logic-tuned adaptive ESO framework provides superior transient performance in DC microgrids compared to conventional methods.
This approach effectively mitigates voltage deviations during severe load transients, enhancing grid stability.
The adaptive strategy overcomes limitations of fixed-bandwidth controllers, offering improved overall regulation.