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Wideband Optical Detector of Ultrasound for Medical Imaging Applications

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Toward Active Distributed Fiber-Optic Sensing: A Review of Distributed Fiber-Optic Photoacoustic Non-Destructive

Yuliang Wu¹, Xuelei Fu¹, Jiapu Li¹

¹School of Information Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430062, China.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

|January 10, 2026

Summary

Distributed fiber-optic photoacoustic non-destructive testing (DFP-NDT) actively probes structures using integrated fiber optics for ultrasonic wave generation and detection. This review details DFP-NDT

Keywords:

distributed fiber-optic photoacoustic transducer array fiber-optic ultrasonic sensing non-destructive testing photoacoustic materials structural health monitoring

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Area of Science:

Materials Science and Engineering
Non-Destructive Testing
Optical Physics

Background:

Traditional non-destructive testing (NDT) often relies on external excitation sources.
Structural health monitoring (SHM) requires advanced methods for integrated sensing.
Photoacoustic principles offer a pathway for active ultrasonic wave generation and detection.

Purpose of the Study:

To systematically review the evolution and advancements in Distributed Fiber-Optic Photoacoustic Non-Destructive Testing (DFP-NDT).
To highlight key material innovations, transducer array methodologies, and imaging algorithms.
To identify current challenges and outline a roadmap for industrial deployment of DFP-NDT.

Main Methods:

Review of fundamental principles of photoacoustic conversion within fiber-optic systems.
Analysis of engineered photoacoustic materials (e.g., CNT-polymer composites, MXenes).
Examination of distributed fiber-optic photoacoustic transducer array (DFOPTA) designs and imaging algorithms.

Main Results:

Development of high-efficiency photoacoustic materials with conversion efficiencies up to 2.74 × 10^-2.
Implementation of six DFOPTA methodologies enabling multiplexed sensing.
Demonstrated applications with large coverage areas (90 × 54 cm²), sub-millimeter resolution, and robustness against interference.

Conclusions:

DFP-NDT transforms SHM by integrating active ultrasonic generation and detection within fiber optics.
Significant progress in materials, transducer arrays, and algorithms enables high-performance NDT.
Future work should focus on scaling multiplexing, enhancing robustness for extreme environments, and optimizing algorithms for industrial applications.