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Compacted Area with Effective Links (CAEL) for Data Dissemination in VANETs.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)·2022

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Updated: Jan 13, 2026

Large Scale Energy Efficient Sensor Network Routing Using a Quantum Processor Unit

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SYMPHONY: Synergistic Hierarchical Metric-Fusion and Predictive Hybrid Optimization for Network Yield-A VANET Routing

Abdul Karim Kazi¹, Muhammad Imran¹, Raheela Asif¹

¹Department of Computer Science and Information Technology, NED University of Engineering and Technology, Karachi 75270, Pakistan.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

|January 10, 2026

Summary

SYMPHONY, a new vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) routing protocol, enhances reliability and sustainability. It achieves superior performance by adaptively fusing network metrics for optimized routing in dynamic environments.

Keywords:

VANET clustering energy efficiency hybrid optimization metaheuristic routing protocol

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Last Updated: Jan 13, 2026

Large Scale Energy Efficient Sensor Network Routing Using a Quantum Processor Unit

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Integration of 5G Experimentation Infrastructures into a Multi-Site NFV Ecosystem

Integration of 5G Experimentation Infrastructures into a Multi-Site NFV Ecosystem

Published on: February 3, 2021

Area of Science:

Computer Science
Network Engineering
Intelligent Transportation Systems

Background:

Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) face challenges in meeting reliability, latency, and sustainability demands.
Current routing protocols often optimize only one or two metrics, lacking integrated adaptation.
A lightweight, deployable solution is needed for heterogeneous metric fusion in VANETs.

Purpose of the Study:

Introduce SYMPHONY, a novel VANET routing protocol.
Develop an adaptive mechanism for fusing reliability, latency, and sustainability metrics.
Evaluate SYMPHONY's performance against existing protocols in diverse scenarios.

Main Methods:

SYMPHONY utilizes a three-layer approach: neighborhood filtering, cluster-based routing with fuzzy energy-aware metrics, and a metaheuristic optimizer.
An online weight-adaptation module (contextual linear bandit) dynamically tunes metric fusion weights.
Performance is evaluated using packet delivery ratio, end-to-end delay, and Green Performance Index.

Main Results:

SYMPHONY improved packet delivery ratio by 12-18% compared to baselines.
End-to-end latency was reduced by 20-35%.
The Green Performance Index increased by 22-45%, demonstrating enhanced sustainability.

Conclusions:

SYMPHONY offers a significant improvement in VANET performance across key metrics.
The protocol's adaptive, multi-objective approach is effective in dynamic environments.
SYMPHONY maintains low control overhead and computational requirements, ensuring practical deployability.