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Large Scale Energy Efficient Sensor Network Routing Using a Quantum Processor Unit
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Research on LEACH Protocol Based on Dynamic Clustering and Routing Optimization.

Tongtong Wang1, Xingye Qu1, Huiqing Cui1

  • 1College of Engineering, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|January 10, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study optimizes Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) routing by enhancing cluster head selection and data transmission. The new protocol extends network lifetime and improves data throughput, crucial for energy-constrained WSNs.

Keywords:
LEACH protocolWSNcluster head electionmulti-hop transmissionroute optimization

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Area of Science:

  • Computer Science
  • Electrical Engineering
  • Network Engineering

Background:

  • Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) face critical energy limitations due to irreplaceable batteries in harsh environments.
  • Node failure and data loss result from excessive energy consumption, making energy efficiency a key research area.
  • Existing protocols like LEACH have limitations in cluster head election and data transmission.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose an optimized protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) addressing energy efficiency and routing challenges.
  • To enhance cluster head (CH) election and data transmission strategies beyond the LEACH protocol.
  • To improve network lifetime and data throughput in medium- and large-scale WSNs.

Main Methods:

  • Clustering sensor nodes using a Self-Organizing Map (SOM) neural network.
  • Optimizing cluster head election by considering residual energy, distance to the base station, and neighbor density.
  • Employing a hybrid routing optimization method combining Fibonacci sequences and a bee algorithm for data transmission.

Main Results:

  • The proposed protocol demonstrates superior performance compared to benchmarks.
  • Significant improvements observed in node death round, network lifetime, and data throughput.
  • Effectiveness validated across various base station locations in simulated medium- and large-scale WSNs.

Conclusions:

  • The developed protocol offers a valuable technical solution for routing optimization in WSNs.
  • The approach effectively addresses energy consumption and extends the operational lifespan of WSNs.
  • This optimized routing strategy enhances overall network performance and reliability.