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Routing Protocols for Wireless Body Area Networks: Recent Advances and Open Challenges
Haoran Qin1, Haoru Su1, Xiaopeng Niu2
1College of Computer Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|January 10, 2026
Summary
Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs) are crucial for personalized healthcare. This review analyzes WBAN routing protocols, addressing challenges like energy limits and movement, to improve reliable data delivery for eHealth systems.
Area of Science:
- Biomedical Engineering
- Telecommunications
- Computer Science
Background:
- The increasing need for personalized healthcare fuels the development of Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs) for continuous physiological monitoring.
- Efficient routing protocols are vital for reliable data transmission in WBANs, but face unique challenges posed by the human body environment.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate, summarize, and analyze current state-of-the-art routing protocols for Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs).
- To provide a comprehensive overview of WBAN-based eHealth systems, their design challenges, and existing routing solutions.
Main Methods:
- A systematic review and analysis of existing literature on WBAN routing protocols.
- Categorization of protocols based on their approaches and features.
- Comparative performance analysis across different protocol categories.
Main Results:
- Identified key design challenges in WBANs, including energy constraints, dynamic topology due to movement, and Quality of Service (QoS) requirements.
- Presented a categorized survey of recent WBAN routing protocols, analyzing their distribution and performance.
- Highlighted the trade-offs and effectiveness of various routing strategies in WBAN environments.
Conclusions:
- The review provides a structured understanding of the current landscape of WBAN routing protocols for eHealth applications.
- Identified persistent challenges and outlined promising future research directions to enhance WBAN performance and reliability.
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