Printing-Path-Dominated Anisotropy in FDM-PEEK: Modulation by Build Orientation for Tensile and Shear Performance.

Area of Science:

• Materials Science
• Additive Manufacturing
• Polymer Engineering

Background:

• Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) enables complex PEEK structures.
• Limited research exists on build orientation and printing path interactions affecting FDM-PEEK mechanical properties.

Purpose of the Study:

• Investigate tensile and shear properties of FDM-PEEK.
• Analyze failure mechanisms under coupled build orientation and printing path effects.
• Determine the influence of these factors on anisotropic behavior.

Main Methods:

• Mechanical testing (tensile and shear).
• Fracture morphology analysis.
• Statistical analysis.

Main Results:

• Printing path dominates anisotropic behavior; path-build orientation interaction governs shear failure.
• Elongation at break varied up to twofold across build orientations; W or T paths resulted in <5% elongation.
• Cross-sectional dimensions influenced tensile performance, with larger sections reducing modulus but increasing yield strength and elongation.

Conclusions:

• Path repetition frequency is critical for temperature uniformity and interlayer adhesion, driving anisotropic behavior.
• Cross-sectional geometry regulates mechanical response.
• A synergistic strategy optimizing printing path and build orientation can tailor FDM-PEEK mechanical properties.