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Types of Step-Growth Polymers: Polyesters01:20

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The introduction of polyesters has brought major development to the textile industry. The wrinkle-free behavior of polyester blends has eliminated the need for starching and ironing clothes.
Polyesters are commonly prepared from terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol; the crude product is known as poly(ethylene terephthalate) or PET. However, polyesters are synthesized industrially by transesterification of dimethyl terephthalate with ethylene glycol at 150 °C. The two reactants and the polymer...
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PEEK/PEI Polymer Blends for Fused Filament Fabrication: Processing, Properties, and Printability.

Conor McCrickard1, Adrian Boyd1, Krzysztof Rodzen1

  • 1School of Engineering, University of Ulster, York Street, Belfast BT15 1ED, UK.

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Summary

This study developed polyether ether ketone (PEEK) and polyetherimide (PEI) blends for 3D printing. The optimal PEEK/PEI 80/20 blend significantly improved printability and reduced warpage while maintaining mechanical and thermal properties.

Keywords:
3D printingcrystallinitymechanical propertiespolyether ether ketonepolyetherimide

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Polymer Science
  • Additive Manufacturing

Background:

  • High-performance polymers like PEEK and PEI are difficult to 3D print due to shrinkage and warpage.
  • Polymer blending is a promising strategy to overcome these printing challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and characterize Polyether Ether Ketone (PEEK) and Polyetherimide (PEI) blends for fused filament fabrication (FFF).
  • To identify an optimal PEEK/PEI blend that enhances printability and maintains mechanical and thermal integrity.

Main Methods:

  • Melt extrusion was used to produce PEEK/PEI filaments at various weight ratios.
  • Filaments and 3D-printed samples were characterized using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), mechanical testing, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

Main Results:

  • All PEEK/PEI blends exhibited miscibility, indicated by a single glass transition temperature via DSC.
  • The PEEK/PEI 80/20 blend demonstrated optimal performance, maintaining 35% crystallinity.
  • This blend achieved an ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of 75.6 MPa and a Young's modulus of 1338 MPa, with improved thermal properties, reduced warpage, and enhanced printability.

Conclusions:

  • The PEEK/PEI 80/20 blend offers a viable solution for improved 3D printing of high-performance polymers.
  • This optimized blend balances excellent mechanical and thermal properties with enhanced processability in additive manufacturing.