Investigation of Hemodialysis Patients' Views on Thirst: A Mixed-Methods Study

Background/Objectives: Thirst is a common and distressing symptom experienced by individuals undergoing hemodialysis. It can affect patients' comfort, adherence to fluid restrictions, and overall quality of life. Understanding how patients perceive and cope with thirst is essential for developing evidence-based nursing interventions that enhance patient comfort and support adherence to care recommendations. Aim: To investigate the perceptions, experiences, and perceived factors related to thirst among hemodialysis patients using a mixed-methods design. Methods: This study adopted a convergent parallel mixed-method design. Quantitative data were obtained from 72 hemodialysis patients using the Thirst Discomfort Scale and a structured questionnaire. Qualitative data were collected through in-depth semi-structured interviews with 22 patients. Data were analysed using SPSS 23.0 for the quantitative phase and descriptive phenomenological analysis (Colaizzi's method) for the qualitative phase to explore underlying perceptions and experiences. Results: Quantitative findings indicated substantial thirst discomfort, reflected by elevated Thirst Discomfort Scale and VAS scores. Qualitative findings highlighted persistent dry mouth, emotional distress, perceived loss of control, and coping strategies such as limiting fluids, distraction, oral rinsing, consuming cold items, and faith-based coping. On integration, qualitative narratives aligned with the high burden captured by quantitative scores, underscoring the multidimensional nature of thirst in hemodialysis. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that thirst in hemodialysis patients is a multidimensional experience encompassing physiological, psychological, and behavioural components. The findings highlight the need for individualised, holistic nursing approaches that extend beyond fluid restriction alone. Relevance to clinical practice: Nurses should adopt holistic approaches addressing emotional and spiritual dimensions of thirst management, providing individualised education and psychosocial support.