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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 13, 2026

Avocado Sample Preparation Using the QuEChERS Method with Ammonium Formate for Pesticide Analysis

Avocado Sample Preparation Using the QuEChERS Method with Ammonium Formate for Pesticide Analysis

Published on: December 8, 2023

Ecological and Human Health Risk Assessment of Metals in Peruvian Avocados Using a Probabilistic Approach.

Myryam Yoplac-Navarro¹, Dorila E Grandez-Yoplac^2,3, Pablo Rituay^3,4

¹Facultad de Ingeniería Industrial, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima 15081, Peru.

Foods (Basel, Switzerland)

|January 10, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study assessed metal contamination in Peruvian avocados, finding low ecological and health risks. Metal levels in soil and fruit were within acceptable limits, indicating safe cultivation practices for avocados.

Keywords:

agribusiness chemical hazard food safety health risk assessment value chain

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An Anaerobic Biosensor Assay for the Detection of Mercury and Cadmium

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Published on: December 17, 2018

Area of Science:

Environmental Science
Toxicology
Food Safety

Background:

Peruvian avocado cultivation is expanding globally.
Understanding metal contamination is crucial for food safety and environmental health.
A One Health approach integrates human, animal, and environmental health.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate ecological and health risks of metals in Peruvian avocados.
To quantify arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), mercury (Hg), nickel (Ni), and lead (Pb) in soil and fruit.
To assess metal bioaccumulation and associated risks.

Main Methods:

Collected 190 soil and fruit samples from 8 Peruvian regions (Jan-Sep 2025).
Quantified metals using microwave plasma atomic emission spectrometry (MP-AES).
Calculated bioaccumulation factors (BAF), geo-accumulation index (Igeo), ecological risk (ER), hazard quotient (HQ), hazard index (HI), and cancer risk (CR).

Main Results:

Regional soil metal variability observed; higher As, Cd, and Pb detected.
Fruit metal concentrations (As, Cd, Hg, Ni, Pb) varied, with Cr below detection limits.
Bioaccumulation (BAF < 1), ecological risk (Igeo, ER), and health risks (HQ, HI, CR) indicated low concern.

Conclusions:

Peruvian avocado cultivation poses low ecological and health risks regarding the studied metals.
Metal concentrations in soil and fruit are generally within safe limits.
The findings support the safety of Peruvian avocados from a One Health perspective.